Идентификация дистрибутива дело не сложное, для этого есть несколько способов, представленных ниже.
Через компилятор GCC
Самый простой и эффективный способ (работает для большинства систем) это спросить у компилятора GCC (GNU Compiler Collection)
$ gcc -v
Для своего хостера я получил:
Using built-in specs. Target: amd64-undermydesk-freebsd Configured with: FreeBSD/amd64 system compiler Thread model: posix gcc version 4.2.1 20070831 patched [FreeBSD]
Используя lsb_release (Ubuntu)
$ lsb_release -a
Для своей настольной Ubuntu я получил:
No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu quantal (development branch) Release: 12.10 Codename: quantal
Либо через uname
$ uname -a
В настольной Ubuntu:
Linux mihdan-ubuntu 3.2.0-27-generic-pae #43-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 6 15:06:05 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux
Через issue (OpenSUSE/Debian)
$ cat /etc/issue $ cat /etc/issue.net
Через *version (Slackware/Ubuntu)
$ cat /etc/*version
Через *release (Debian/RedHat/Gentoo/Fedora/Ubuntu)
$ cat /etc/*release
Для справки
| Дистрибутив | Путь |
|---|---|
| Annvix | /etc/annvix-release |
| Arch Linux | /etc/arch-release |
| Arklinux | /etc/arklinux-release |
| Aurox Linux | /etc/aurox-release |
| BlackCat | /etc/blackcat-release |
| Cobalt | /etc/cobalt-release |
| Conectiva | /etc/conectiva-release |
| Debian | /etc/debian_version/etc/debian_release (редко) |
| Fedora Core | /etc/fedora-release |
| Gentoo Linux | /etc/gentoo-release |
| Immunix | /etc/immunix-release |
| Knoppix | knoppix_version |
| Linux-From-Scratch | /etc/lfs-release |
| Linux-PPC | /etc/linuxppc-release |
| Mandrake | /etc/mandrake-release |
| Mandriva/Mandrake Linux | /etc/mandriva-release/etc/mandrake-release/etc/mandakelinux-release |
| MkLinux | /etc/mklinux-release |
| Novell Linux Desktop | /etc/nld-release |
| PLD Linux | /etc/pld-release |
| Red Hat | /etc/redhat-release/etc/redhat_version (редко) |
| Slackware | /etc/slackware-version/etc/slackware-release (редко) |
| SME Server (Formerly E-Smith) | /etc/e-smith-release |
| Solaris SPARC | /etc/release |
| Sun JDS | /etc/sun-release |
| SUSE Linux | /etc/SuSE-release/etc/novell-release |
| SUSE Linux ES9 | /etc/sles-release |
| Tiny Sofa | /etc/tinysofa-release |
| TurboLinux | /etc/turbolinux-release |
| Ubuntu Linux | /etc/lsb-release |
| UltraPenguin | /etc/ultrapenguin-release |
| UnitedLinux | /etc/UnitedLinux-release (covers SUSE SLES8) |
| VA-Linux/RH-VALE | /etc/va-release |
| Yellow Dog | /etc/yellowdog-release |
Автоматизируем процесс
Из всего вышесказанного пробуем собрать скрипт
#!/bin/sh
OS=`uname -s`
REV=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`
GetVersionFromFile()
{
VERSION=`cat $1 | tr "n" ' ' | sed s/.*VERSION.*= // `
}
if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
OS=Solaris
ARCH=`uname -p`
OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
KERNEL=`uname -r`
if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
DIST='RedHat'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*(// | sed s/)//`
REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release // | sed s/ .*//`
elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
DIST=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
REV=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "n" ' ' | sed s/.*= //`
elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
DIST='Mandrake'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*(// | sed s/)//`
REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release // | sed s/ .*//`
elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
DIST="Debian `cat /etc/debian_version`"
REV=""
fi
if [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
fi
OSSTR="${OS} ${DIST} ${REV}(${PSUEDONAME} ${KERNEL} ${MACH})"
fi
echo ${OSSTR}
